The Compulsory of Pilgrimage Hajj to The House of Allah
Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam that must be performed by every single Muslim once in the lifetime , those who can afford the expenses (for one’s conveyance, provision and residence). Hajj is an obligatory act of worship (Ibadat) in succession in Makkah performed in the month of Dhul-Hijjah in accordance with the Islamic Laws.
The scene of worship, tawaf and prayer, in Mosque al Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Al-Quran Surah Ali Imron verse 97
فِيهِ آيَاتٌ بَيِّـنَاتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا وَلِلّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ الله غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ - سورة آل عمران 97
"In it are manifest signs (for example), the Maqâm (place) of Ibrâhîm; whosoever enters it, he attains security. And Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House ( Ka‘bah ) is a duty that mankind owes to Allâh, those who can afford the expenses (for one’s conveyance, provision and residence); and whoever disbelieves (i.e. denies Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah), then he is a disbeliever of Allâh), then Allâh stands not in need of any of the ‘Âlamîn (mankind, jinn and all that exists)" {1} . {1} (V.3:97) a) The performance of Hajj is an enjoined duty and its superiority, and the Statement of Allâh عز وجل: "Hajj (pilgrimage) to the House (Ka‘bah), is a duty that mankind owes to Allâh, those who can afford the expenses (for one’s conveyance, provision and residence); and whoever disbelieves (i.e. denies Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah), then he is a disbeliever of Allâh), then Allâh stands not in need of any of the ‘Âlamîn." (V.3:97) ( Sahih Al-Bukhâri , Vol.2, Chapter 1, The Book of Hajj , P. 344). b) Islâm demolishes all the previous evil deeds and so do migration (for Allâh’s sake) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) ( Al-Lû’lû wal-Marjân ) ( Sahih Muslim ).
Al-Quran Surah Al Baqara verse 158
إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوْ اعْتَمَرَ فَلا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْراً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ - سورة البقرة 158
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Verily! As-Safâ and Al-Marwah (two mountains in Makkah) are of the Symbols of Allâh. So it is not a sin on him who performs Hajj or ‘Umrah (pilgrimage) of the House (the Ka‘bah at Makkah) to perform the going ( Tawâf ) between them ( As-Safâ and Al-Marwah ). {1} And whoever does good voluntarily, then verily, Allâh is All-Recogniser, All-Knower. {1} (V.2:158) See the footnote of (V.14:37)".
Hajar Aswad is one of Allah's symbol, place at one of Kaaba corner
Al-Quran Surah Al Baqara verse 196-200
وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنْ الْهَدْيِ وَلا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ فَإِذَا أَمِنتُمْ فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنْ الْهَدْيِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (196)
الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلا رَفَثَ وَلا فُسُوقَ وَلا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُونِي يَا أُوْلِي الأَلْبَابِ (197)
لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلاً مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنْ الضَّالِّينَ (198)
ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (199)
فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْراً فَمِنْ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلاقٍ - 200
AlBaqarah 196الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلا رَفَثَ وَلا فُسُوقَ وَلا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُونِي يَا أُوْلِي الأَلْبَابِ (197)
لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلاً مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنْ الضَّالِّينَ (198)
ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (199)
فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْراً فَمِنْ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلاقٍ - 200
And perform properly (i.e. all the ceremonies according to the ways of Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم), the Hajj and ‘Umrah (i.e. the pilgrimage to Makkah) for Allâh. But if you are prevented (from completing them), sacrifice a Hady (animal, i.e. a sheep, a cow, or a camel) such as you can afford, and do not shave your heads until the Hady reaches the place of sacrifice. And whosoever of you is ill or has an ailment in his scalp (necessitating shaving), he must pay a Fidyah (ransom) of either observing Saum (fasts) (three days) or giving Sadaqah (charity - feeding six poor persons) or offering sacrifice (one sheep). Then if you are in safety and whosoever performs the ‘Umrah in the months of Hajj before (performing) the Hajj, (i.e. Hajj-at-Tamattu‘ and Al-Qirân ), he must slaughter a Hady such as he can afford, but if he cannot afford it, he should observe Saum (fasts) three days during the Hajj and seven days after his return (to his home), making ten days in all. This is for him whose family is not present at Al-Masjid-Al-Harâm (i.e. non-resident of Makkah). And fear Allâh much and know that Allâh is Severe in punishment. {1}
{1} (V.2:196) Islâm demolishes all the previous evil deeds and so does migration (for Allâh’s sake) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah). ( Al-Lu’lu’ wal Marjân , Vol.1, Ch.52, P.205]. The obligation of performing ‘Umrah and its superiority. Ibn ‘Umar رضي الله عنهما said, Hajj and ‘Umrah are obligatory for everybody." And Ibn ‘Abbâs رضي الله عنهما said, ‘Umrah is mentioned in conjunction with Hajj in the Book of Allâh عز وجل: "And perform properly Hajj and ‘Umrah for Allâh." (2:196). Narrated Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه: Allâh’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said, "(The performance of) ‘Umrah is an expiation for the sins committed (between it and the previous one). And the reward of Hajj Mabrûr (the one accepted by Allâh) is nothing except Paradise." ( Sahih Al-Bukhâri , Vol.3, Hadîth No.1).
AlBaqarah 197
The Hajj (pilgrimage) is (in) the well-known (lunar year) months (i.e. the 10th month, the 11th month and the first ten days of the 12th month of the Islâmic calendar, i.e. two months and ten days). So whosoever intends to perform Hajj {1} therein (by assuming Ihrâm ), then he should not have sexual relations (with his wife), nor commit sin, nor dispute unjustly during the Hajj. And whatever good you do, (be sure) Allâh knows it. And take a provision (with you) for the journey, but the best provision is At-Taqwa (piety, righteousness). So fear Me, O men of understanding!
AlBaqarah 198
There is no sin on you if you seek the Bounty of your Lord (during pilgrimage by trading). Then when you leave ‘Arafât {1} , remember Allâh (by glorifying His Praises, i.e. prayers and invocations) at the Mash‘ar-il-Harâm {2} . And remember Him (by invoking Allâh for all good.) as He has guided you, and verily, you were, before, of those who were astray.
{1} (V.2:198) ‘Arafât : a well known place near Makkah where pilgrims have to spend the 9th day of Dhul-Hijjah .
{2} (V.2:198) Al-Mash‘ar Al-Harâm , i.e. Muzdalifah a well-known place near Makkah, where pilgrims have to stop and stay for the whole night of the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah , or a great part of it.
AlBaqarah 199
Then depart from the place whence all the people depart and ask Allâh for His Forgiveness. Truly, Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Merciful.
AlBaqarah 200
So when you have accomplished your Manâsik {1} , remember Allâh as you remember your forefathers or with a far more remembrance. But of mankind there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Your Bounties) in this world!" and for such there will be no portion in the Hereafter.
{1} (V.2:200) " Manâsik " i.e. Ihrâm , Tawâf of the Ka‘bah and As-Safâ and Al-Marwah , stay at ‘Arafât , Muzdalifah and Mina , Ramy of Jamarât , (stoning of the specified pillars in Mina ) slaughtering of Hady (animal).
The Route of Pilgrimage Hajj
Tawaf and Sayye in Mosque al Haram
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All the good deed in Mosque al Haram multiplied 100.000 times comparing to all the good deed at others places. The good deed that can be practiced in Mosque al Haram such as;
- Tawaf, circumambulating the Ka'abah then followed with two rakaah prayer behind Makom Ibrahim
- Sayye, the worship act of walking seven times back and forth between the rocky hillocks of Safa and Marwah.
- Suplication /du'a to Allah at Multazam, Ka'bah wall betwen Hajar Aswad and The Ka'bah door
- Recommendable practices; prayer, reciting Quran and zikr.
Wukuf in Arafaat Desert at Dhul Hijjah 9th
The millions pilgrims wearing ihram cloth in flood walk around coming to Arafat desert before midday prayer time and leaving for Muzdalifa at the sunset
Wukuf, the prime obligatory act of hajj, pilgrims are staying in Arafaat desert amongst midday prayer time until sunset while suplicating to Allah at Dhul-Hijjah 9th.
Stoning Jamaraat in Mina, Dhul Hijjah 10th
After staying a night in Muzdalifa pilgrims move after dawn to Mina to stone Jamaraat.
